Sample Resume Mom s Mom Essay - 1562 Words

Angie Castellanos Professor Dr. Song Sociology 10 December 15, 2016 Mom’s Mom’s. When you hear the word â€Å"Mom†, what are the first thoughts that race into your head? What is the image that you get? Is it a Betty Crocker mom from the 1950’s? or perhaps a soccer mom? A Betty Crocker mom is someone who bakes and stays home to take care of the kids and the household. While a soccer mom is a mother who spends a great deal of time driving her kids around to extracurricular activities. These are the two main images of mothers that many people in our society have. Society holds the guidelines of how a mother are supposed to be. We may not be aware of it but, it all comes down to what we see in the media, advertisements, television shows, movies, etc. Some messages are clear as day while others are hidden in plain sight. For example, magazines like ‘Good Housekeeping’, ‘Better Homes Gardens’, ‘Taste Home’, which are only a few out of hundreds of magazines that are targeted towards women. Many women won’t think anything of it but these magazines have one thing in common; To tell women how they need to be and what to strive for. As we consider the media’s depiction of a Mother, we see for the most part a neglected aspect of a family structure. First and foremost, we are shown a leader in turn is the father, husband. With that in mind the media’s shows us is that the main bread winner of the family was the male counterpart to the mother. While the mother is left toShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : Your Kid s Sleep Can Be Affected When You Are A Sleep Deprived Mom Essay711 Words   |  3 PageshÐ °vÐ µ on thÐ µÃ'â€"r Ã' hÃ'â€"ldrÐ µn Ã'• well being. The Ã"›uÐ °lÃ'â€"tÃ'Æ' Ð °nd Ã"›uÐ °ntÃ'â€"tÃ'Æ' Ð ¾f Ð °n kid s Ã'•lÐ µÃ µÃ'€ can bÐ µ thÐ µ dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µnÃ' Ã µ between thÐ µm bÐ µÃ'â€"ng cheerful Ð °nd Ð °lÐ µrt. The quality of your kid’s sleep can be affected if you are a sleep-deprived mom. 1. ЕmÐ ¾tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l MÐ µmÐ ¾rÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'•: If Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u rÐ °n Ð ¾ut Ð ¾f the hÐ ¾uÃ'•Ð µ tÐ ¾ mÐ °Ã'â€"l Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur Ã' hÃ'â€"ld Ã'• birthday Ã' Ã °rd Ð ¾nlÃ'Æ' tÐ ¾ rÐ µÃ °lÃ'â€"zÐ µ Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u -- Ð ¾nÃ' Ã µ Ð °gÐ °Ã'â€"n -- lÐ µft Ã'â€"t on thÐ µ kÃ'â€"tÃ' hÐ µn Ã' Ã ¾untÐ µr, Ð ¾r you Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€lÐ µtÐ µlÃ'Æ' blanked Ð ¾n a nÐ µw coworker s nÐ °mÐ µ dÐ µÃ'•Ã'€Ã'â€"tÐ µ hÐ µÃ °rÃ'â€"ng it Ã'•Ð µvÐ µrÐ °l tÃ'â€"mÐ µÃ'•, a lÐ °Ã' k of rest may bÐ µ messing wÃ'â€"thRead MoreNarrative Report (on the Job Training)1617 Words   |  7 Pagesnot come to its beautiful existence without the help of the people around me, especially to my FAMILY AND FRIENDS. Without them, I wouldn’t become like this, to have a goal in life, and become successful. I would like to acknowledge my loving Mom and Dad even though there not in this world and already left me, I know they are still supporting me wherever they are right now they are my inspiration of my life. They are the one guiding me. I also want to thank my guardians here my Lola, aunt’sRead MoreTest 159329 Words   |  38 PagesChapter 15--The Job Search, Rsums, and Cover Letters 1. Well-informed job candidates know that the first step in the employment process is A. researching salary, benefits, and job stability in a chosen field. B. developing an effective rà ©sumà © to be sent to prospective employers. C. locating a specific job opening at a desirable company. D. assessing their interests and qualifications. 2. Job seekers should ask themselves questions such as Do I want to work for someone else or be my ownRead MoreManaging Social Media in the Workplace Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pagesprimary tool to distribute information. Media is involved in nearly every aspect of everyday life. From morning until night, citizens are constantly bombarded by media images on television, radio, magazines, and the internet. However, since the mid-2000’s, one form of media has dominated the social landscape. This type of media has entirely changed the way other media connects with its viewers. It has shifted the power of information from the select few to the masses, from the broadcaster to the audienceRead MoreThe Baseball Of The Nfl3626 Words   |  15 Pagesbecome part of the American culture. To fans the NFL is a gift like no other. The glamour, passion, and fame that the NFL displays for its professional athletes comes with a price. The NFL is a league filled with violent collisions from so me of the world?s most athletically gifted players. Players are progressively being diagnosed with significant brain trauma due to the size and athleticism of the players in a game. The effects of the collisions are far more impactful than the instant headache; the bipolarRead MoreAdult Esl Student Motivation for Participation in Advanced Language Learning6822 Words   |  28 Pagesa general background on the student motivation phenomenon. In its second part, the review focuses on motivation research in linguistics, specifically the studies related to second language attainment. Review of the Literature Adult Learning from s Social Cognitive Perspective The foundation of adult learning theory was established in Lindeman (1926) who identified important distinctions between adult and child learning. These ideas were later developed by Knowles (1990) into a theory of andragogyRead MoreHow Politics Should Be Viewed By Chris Matthews7512 Words   |  31 PagesFridays due to the fact that is the only time available. I have always served within the volunteer department, which I assist the sick people to their room, help the sick people with their wheelchair, translate from Korean into English, take away the samples to the lab, and clerical work as well. Even though I have already cultivated many relationships with volunteers who are older than me and the staff members, I wasn’t able to make a steady relationship with the doctors who need assistance. The bestRead MoreThe Hot Zone9599 Words   |  39 Pagesgall stones and orders exploratory surgery. During t he procedure they find no gallstones, but Musokes blood refuses to clot. He is then placed in the care of Dr. David Silverstein, who suspects he has some sort of virus. Silverstein sends blood samples to the Institute of Virology in Sandringham, South Africa, and the CDC in Atlanta, Georgia. The Hot Zone Summary | Part 1, Chapter 2 Jumper Analysis Having already described the onset of the illness in Chapter 1, the author is able to use this briefRead MoreHow to Start a Child Support Recovery Business13852 Words   |  56 PagesSetting Up Your Business - 10 Finding Your Clients - 13 Marketing Letter Samples - 16 Meeting Your Clients - 18 Setting A Price For Your Services - 19 Contracts And Agreements - 20 Locating Your Debtors Their Assets - 21 Public Records - 22 Collecting Your Judgment - 24 Final Thoughts Tips - 30 Exploring Business Ownership Options - 31 Statue of Limitations Interest Rates - 35 Fee Schedule - 36 Service Agreement Sample - 37 Court Forms Fees - 38 Information Gathering Form - 39 Other MelendezRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesDistributions 8.1 Statistics and Sampling Variability 446 8.2 The Sampling Distribution of a Sample Mean 450 8.3 The Sampling Distribution of a Sample Proportion 461 445 Activity 8.1 Do Students Who Take the SATs Multiple Times Have an Advantage in College Admissions? 468 Graphing Calculator Explorations 471 9 Estimation Using a Single Sample 9.1 Point Estimation 476 475 9.2 Large-Sample Conï ¬ dence Interval for a Population Proportion 482 9.3 Conï ¬ dence Interval for a Population Mean

American Dream- the Epic of America Free Essays

I believe the American Dream is belief in the freedom that allows all citizens and residents of the United States to achieve their goals in life through hard work. Today, it often refers to one’s material prosperity, which is dependent upon one’s abilities and work ethic, and not on a rigid class structure. As James Truslow Adams states in his book The Epic of America which was written in 1931: â€Å"The American Dream is â€Å"that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. We will write a custom essay sample on American Dream- the Epic of America or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position. For some people, it is the opportunity to achieve greater material prosperity than was possible in their countries of origin. For others it is the opportunity for their children to grow up and receive an education and its consequent career opportunities. It is the opportunity to make individual choices without the restrictions of class, caste, religion, race, or ethnic group. For others in this the dream of choice and flexibility, that is the ability to wake up in the morning and decide to drive, cycle or take public transportation to work. Some say that the American Dream has become the pursuit of material prosperity – that people work more hours to get bigger cars, fancier homes, the fruits of prosperity for their families – but have less time to enjoy their prosperity. Others say that the American Dream is beyond the grasp of the working poor who must work two jobs to insure their family’s survival. Yet others look toward a new American Dream with less focus on financial gain and more emphasis on living a simple, fulfilling life. Thomas Wolfe said, â€Å"†¦to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity †¦. the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever thing his manhood and his vision can combine to make him. â€Å". Is this your American dream? I believe most of you will say yes because that is my dream also. Ultimately, most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence. Yet it is the means to achieving it that are essential to the nation’s ethical foundations. It seems that many Americans covet the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first place. Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream. In an ironic sense, such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the heads of the public. There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games shows, the state lotteries, and lawyers are getting rich on other people’s yearning for the American Dream. How to cite American Dream- the Epic of America, Papers

Propulsion Plant Investigation Dayton Beach-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Propulsion Plant Investigation Dayton Beach? Answer: Introducation The main reason for the crash of British Airways plane was barely missing the edge road at Heathrow and adjacent buildings, which were not secured by aviation security requirements during that time. The Boeing 777 aircraft had lost its power as a result of a confined flow of fuel to the two engines. This accident of aircraft craft was held on 17 January 2008 which was due to the development of ice in its fuel framework of the aircraft in which 136 passengers were travelling. The ice was considered to be framed from water which occurred normally in the fuel when the temperature of the air craft fuel was at some "sticky range", which means the crystal of ice were destined to hold fast to their environment. (Siddique, 2010). The fuel oil heat exchanger (FOHE) on this aircraft was defenseless to confinement when it was a high centralization of the soft ice as well as the fuel temperature was less than - 10C. With lost power, the British Aircraft was landing from Beijing, was coming downside inside the landing boundary at Heathrow, which was 330 meters small of the runway. The aircraft slid by 372 meters before stopping. The left landing gear crumbled as well as the right landing gear isolated from the plane. The aircraft had lost speed during its landing, the group was hailed as legends after the aircraft crash endeavored to build the thrust of engine, yet no reaction was noted from the its engines. (Siddique, 2010). In general, the free water is converted into ice when this water is cooled at very minimum temperature (less than its freezing point) in the airplane fuel tanks where the cooling strategy is the impact of the TAT on the lower wing skin of the aircraft; which is the water close to the wing skin that is converted into ice. High fuel flow like that was experienced during an approach can flush the gathered ice, which brings about a sort of avalanche of slush and also snow going through the fuel support framework. This "torrential slide" is gathered on the substance of the FOHE that confines the fuel flow, and causing thrust loss. (King, 2010). The FOHE fills the double requirement in order to cool the engine oil and to increase the fuel temperature so that ice does not influence any component from downstream that includes the LP channel as well as the Fuel Metering Unit (FMU). The FOHE is considered as hybrid cross flow design that incorporates a framework of fine tubes. The fuel is allowed to enter the highest point of the FOHE and goes through the tubes; the hot oil enters the FOHE and goes around the fuel tubes. From the analysis of the crashed plane, and B777 as well as AAIB planes, it was found that in primary fuel tanks when ice conforms to the rivets, the access panels as well as local Rib 8 , it was extremely hard to release ice from the base of the tank. In order to release ice, it is important to raise the temperature of fuel or the lower wing skin over the melting point of the ice. (King, 2010). The Boeing 777 aircraft stores fuel in three tanks - central, left and right which is main tank. Each fuel tank contains two fuel pumps that have channels outfitted with a inch work screen proposed to give security to the pump inlet. A check valve that is fixed in the release port counteracts fuel to sustain complex streaming back through the pump. The pressure switch is mounted in between the pump impeller as well as the check valve, screens fuel weight and triggers an admonitory cautioning on the flight deck when the pressure ascend over the direct dips under threshold pressure. (Federal Aviation Administration, n.d). In the plane crash, it is likely that the joint was debilitated by the impact of (ordinary) motor vibrations, developments because of throttle control. It inevitably severed and left the bellmouth unsupported at that position. Thus, the contiguous sections were subjected to extra loads. From that point, the bellmouth boards were being ripped off from the sections and being ingested into the motor. At last, prompting the compressor slow down and surge. (Anderson, 2009) References Accident overview - history of flight. Federal Aviation Administration (n.d). Retrieved from - https://lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=3LLID=79LLTypeID=2 Anderson, K. (2009). Propulsion plant investigation.Daytona Beach, FL: Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide. King, D. (2010). Aircraft accident report 1/2010 - - air accidents investigation branch. Siddique, H. (2010). British Airways plane crash caused by 'unknown' ice buildup. Retrieved from - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/09/british-airways-plane-crash-ice

UChicago 2017-2018 Supplemental Essay Prompts

University of Chicago is known to allow students to really showcase their creativity and personalities in their UChicago application through the school’s Extended Essay questions. Interested in applying? The 2017-2018 essay prompts are out now! UChicago’s application requires 3 essays: the personal statement, Why UChicago supplement and a response to one of the following prompts: Essay Prompt #1: â€Å"The aim of argument, or of discussion, should not be victory, but progress.† – Joseph Joubert Sometimes, people talk a lot about popular subjects to assure ‘victory’ in conversation or understanding, and leave behind topics of less popularity, but great personal or intellectual importance. What do you think is important but under-discussed? -Anonymous Suggestion Essay Prompt #2: Due to a series of clerical errors, there is exactly one typo (an extra letter, a removed letter, or an altered letter) in the name of every department at the University of Chicago. Oops! Describe your new intended major. Why are you interested in it and what courses or areas of focus within it might you want to explore? Potential options include Commuter Science, Bromance Languages and Literatures, Pundamentals: Issues and Texts, Ant History a full list of unmodified majors ready for your editor’s eye is available here. -Inspired by Josh Kaufman, Class of 2018 Essay Prompt #3: Earth. Fire. Wind. Water. Heart! Captain Planet supposes that the world is made up of these five elements. We’re familiar with the previously-noted set and with actual elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon, but select and explain another small group of things (say, under five) that you believe compose our world. -Inspired by Dani Plung, Class of 2017 Essay Prompt #4: The late New York Times photographer Bill Cunningham once said Fashion is the armor to survive the reality of everyday life. I don’t think you could do away with it. It would be like doing away with civilization. Tell us about your â€Å"armor.† -Inspired by Adam Berger, Class of 2020 Essay Prompt #5: Fans of the movie Sharknado say that they enjoy it because â€Å"it’s so bad, it’s good.† Certain automobile owners prefer classic cars because they â€Å"have more character.† And recently, vinyl record sales have skyrocketed because it is perceived that they have a warmer, fuller sound. Discuss something that you love not in spite of but rather due to its quirks or imperfections. -Inspired by Alex Serbanescu, Class of 2021 Essay Prompt #6: In the spirit of adventurous inquiry, pose your own question or choose one of our past prompts. Be original, creative, thought provoking. Draw on your best qualities as a writer, thinker, visionary, social critic, sage, citizen of the world, or future citizen of the University of Chicago; take a little risk, and have fun. - Have a few ideas, but not sure how to approach these essay prompts? Get some inspiration from past successful UChicago applicants. Here’s 5 UChicago Supplemental Essay Examples to help you get started. Or you can unlock our UChicago Starter package with 5 student profiles of students accepted to UChicago:Want more? Ourpremium plansoffer different level of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school. Unlock any of ourpackagesor search ourundergraduate profile databaseto find specific profiles that can help you make an informed choice about where to apply!

Force generated by a muscle Essays

Force generated by a muscle Essays Force generated by a muscle Essay Force generated by a muscle Essay Evaluate Force-Angle Relationships utilizing EMG and Force Measurements Q1. From the single natural informations [ table 1 ] we obtained by standardization ( As % of Maximum utilizing as soap values: FORCEmax=117.2 N, EMGmax=306.8 millivolt ) the adjusted single informations [ table 2 ] . Q2. Electromyography is the technique for entering alterations in the electrical potency of a musculus when it is caused to contract by a motor nervus urge ( Barlett, R.1997 ; 228 ) The EMG signal profile and in effect the EMG is the electrical signal profile detected by an electrode on a musculus. In other words is the step of the action potency of the outer muscle-fiber membrane ( the sarcolemma ) . [ 3 ] : Force generated by a musculus is determined by two chief factors: the figure of motor units ( MUs ) actively stimulated at the same clip and the frequence ( firing rate ) at which the MUs are firing. Besides the amplitude of the EMG signal depends on both the figure of active MUs and their fire rates. Since both EMG amplitude and force addition as a effect of the same mechanisms, it is expected that musculus force can be estimated from surface EMG analysis. This is non rather true but merely in isometric contractions, where musculus electrical activity and musculus force have a comparatively additive relationship. [ 3 ] This is the chief ground why EMG is the method of pick for force appraisal. Q3. Using Normalised EMG and Joint Angle information from [ table 2 ] , the requested graph is shown below [ graph 2 ] Evaluate Force-Angle Relationships utilizing EMG and Force Measurements Q4. From the row informations for the whole group we calculate the average normalized values as in [ table 3 ] . Using informations for Max isometric force and EMG from [ table 3 ] , the requested graph is graph 3 below. Q5. Evaluate Force-Angle Relationships utilizing EMG and Force Measurements Evaluate Force-Angle Relationships utilizing EMG and Force Measurements Q6. Using the free-body diagram ( fig. 1 ) at a generic angle? we sketch the forces moving on the forearm during flexure against a known opposition. These forces are the opposition R, the mass of the forearm G, the attempt E of the musculus and the joint reaction force Fj. The joint reaction force as go throughing from the centre of rotary motion has no part to the minute at the joint and therefore is neglected. Assuming inactive equilibrium at each angle, the amount of minutes moving on the forearm at the cubitus peers zero: SMj = 0 Mj = ME MR MG [ 1 ] MR = R Lf wickedness? [ 2 ] , where Lf is the length of the forearm. MG = medium frequency g LCM wickedness? [ 3 ] , where LCM is the distance of the forearm s centre of mass from the joint and medium frequency is the mass of the forearm and manus. ME = E? LE where E? is the rotational constituent of the attempt E. ME = E LE sinf [ 4 ] , where degree Fahrenheit is the angle between the long axis of the forearm and the line of application of the attempt force and LE is the attempt arm ( normal distance between the point of interpolation of the musculus on forearm and the joint ) . Substituting the assorted minutes [ 2 ] , [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] in equation [ 1 ] we obtain, utilizing the conventions of the marks: Mj = E LE sinf Roentgen Lf wickedness? medium frequency g LCM wickedness? [ 5 ] To cipher the Torque utilizing equation [ 5 ] we must cognize Lf, LE, LCM, degree Fahrenheit, medium frequency ( R, E and? known, g = 9.81 ms-2 ) . Equation [ 5 ] calculates the torsion utilizing inactive equilibrium at each angle and presuming that the length of the musculus remain changeless as joint angle alterations, which is non true. For a more accurate computation we besides need to cognize the relationship between contraction force and constrained musculus length. Evaluate Force-Angle Relationships utilizing EMG and Force Measurements Q7. Standardization is the mathematical look of the amplitude of the EMG signal as a ratio to the amplitude of a contraction deemed to be maximal ( peak EMG from an isometric maximal voluntary contraction ( MVC ) of the same musculus ) . EMG signal has a complex nature and the account that merely the figure of active motor units and their fire rates can impact it is semplicistic. In world anatomical, physiological and proficient factors have influence on the electromyographical signal. In a reappraisal of such factors ( De Luca, 1997 ) grouped them as causative, intermediate and deterministic. Some of these factors are: musculus fibre diameter, figure of musculus fibres, electrode-skin interface, signal conditioning, figure of active motor units, tissue sum, distance from skin surface to muscle fibre, musculus fibre conductivity speed, musculus blood flow, common electrode spacing, fiber type and location, motor unit firing rate. [ 2 ] Because of the above factors and besides for grounds of direct comparing of EMG signals recorded with signals from the same musculus on different occasions or from different musculuss and different persons we use normalised EMG signals instead than absolute values. Mentions Barlett, R. ( 1997 ) Introduction to Sports Biomechanics, Taylor A ; Francis e-Library, 2002. Carl J. Payton, Biomechanical Evaluation of Movement in Sport and Exercise, Taylor A ; Francis e-Library, 2007. Hamill, Joseph ; Knutzen, Kathleen M. , Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement, 3rd Ed, Lippincot A ; Wilkins, 2009.

World War II German Panther Medium Tank

World War II German Panther Medium Tank Armored vehicles known as tanks became crucial to the  efforts of France, Russia, and Britain to defeat the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in World War I. Tanks made it possible to shift the advantage from defensive maneuvers to offensive, and their use completely caught the Alliance off guard. Germany eventually developed a tank of their own, the A7V, but after the Armistice, all tanks in German hands  were confiscated  and  scrapped, and Germany was forbidden by various treaties to possess or build armored vehicles. All that changed with the rise to power by Adolph Hitler and the start of World War II. Design Development Development of the Panther began in 1941, following Germanys encounters with Soviet T-34 tanks in the opening days of Operation Barbarossa. Proving superior to their current tanks, the Panzer IV and Panzer III, the T-34 inflicted heavy casualties on German armored formations. That fall, following the capture of a T-34, a team was sent east to study the Soviet tank as a precursor to designing one superior to it. Returning with the results, Daimler-Benz (DB) and Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nà ¼rnberg AG (MAN) were ordered to design new tanks based on the study. In assessing the T-34, the German team found that the keys to its effectiveness were its 76.2 mm gun, wide road wheels, and sloping armor. Utilizing this data, DB and MAN delivered proposals to the Wehrmacht in April 1942. While the DB design was largely an improved copy of the T-34, MANs incorporated the T-34s strengths into a more traditional German design. Using a three-man turret (the T-34s fit two), the MAN design was higher and wider than the T-34 and was powered by a 690 hp gasoline engine. Though Hitler initially preferred the DB design, MANs was chosen because it used an existing turret design that would be quicker to produce. Once built, the Panther would be 22.5 feet long, 11.2 feet wide, and 9.8 feet high. Weighing around 50 tons, it was propelled by a V-12 Maybach gasoline-powered engine of about 690 hp. It reached a top speed of 34 mph, with a range of 155 miles, and held a crew of five men, which included the driver, radio-operator, commander, gunner, and loader. Its primary gun was a Rheinmetall-Borsig 1 x 7.5 cm KwK 42 L/70, with 2 x 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 34 machine guns as the secondary armaments. It was built as a medium tank, a classification that stood somewhere between light, mobility-oriented tanks and heavily armored protection tanks. Production Following prototype trials at Kummersdorf in the fall of 1942, the new tank, dubbed Panzerkampfwagen V Panther, was moved into production. Due to the need for the new tank on the Eastern Front, production was rushed with the first units being completed that December. As a result of this haste, early Panthers were plagued by mechanical and reliability issues. At the Battle of Kursk in July 1943, more Panthers were lost to engine problems than to enemy action. Common issues included overheated engines, connecting rod and bearing failures, and fuel leaks. Additionally, the type suffered from frequent transmission and final drive breakdowns that proved difficult to repair. As a result, all Panthers underwent rebuilds at Falkensee in April and May 1943.  Subsequent upgrades to the design helped reduce or eliminate many of these issues.   While initial production of the Panther was assigned to MAN, demand for the type soon overwhelmed the companys resources.  As a result, DB, Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen-Hannover, and Henschel Sohn all received contracts to build the Panther.  During the course of the war, around 6,000 Panthers would be constructed, making the tank the third most-produced vehicle for the Wehrmacht behind the Sturmgeschà ¼tz III and Panzer IV. At its peak in September 1944, 2,304 Panthers were operational on all fronts. Though the German government set ambitious production goals for Panther construction, these were seldom met due to Allied bombing raids repeatedly targeting key aspects of the supply chain, such as the Maybach engine plant and a  number of Panther factories themselves. Introduction The Panther entered service in January 1943 with the formation of Panzer Abteilung (Battalion) 51. After equipping Panzer Abteilung 52 the following month, increased numbers of the type were sent to frontline units early that spring. Viewed as a key element of Operation Citadel on the Eastern Front, the Germans delayed opening the Battle of Kursk until sufficient numbers of the tank were available. First seeing major combat during the fighting, the Panther initially proved ineffective due to numerous mechanical issues. With the correction of the production-related mechanical difficulties, the Panther became highly popular with German tankers and a fearsome weapon on the battlefield. While the Panther was initially intended to only equip one tank battalion per panzer division, by June 1944, it accounted for nearly half of German tank strength on both the eastern and western fronts. The Panther was first used against US and British forces at Anzio in early 1944. As it only appeared in small numbers, US and British commanders believed it to be a heavy tank that would not be built in large numbers. When Allied troops landed in Normandy that June, they were shocked to find that half the German tanks in the area were Panthers. Greatly outclassing the M4 Sherman, the Panther with its high-velocity 75mm gun inflicted heavy casualties on Allied armored units and could engage at a longer range than its foes. Allied tankers soon found that their 75mm guns were incapable of penetrating the Panthers frontal armor and that flanking tactics were required. Allied Response To combat the Panther, US forces began deploying Shermans with 76mm guns, as well as the M26 Pershing heavy tank and tank destroyers carrying 90mm guns. British units frequently fitted Shermans with 17-pdr guns (Sherman Fireflies) and deployed increasing numbers of towed anti-tank guns. Another solution was found with the introduction of the Comet cruiser tank, featuring a 77mm high-velocity gun, in December 1944. The Soviet response to the Panther was faster and more uniform, with the introduction of the T-34-85. Featuring an 85mm gun, the improved T-34 was nearly the equal of the Panther. Though the Panther remained slightly superior, high Soviet production levels quickly allowed large numbers of T-34-85s to dominate the battlefield. In addition, the Soviets developed the heavy IS-2 tank (122mm gun) and the SU-85 and SU-100 anti-tank vehicles to deal with the newer German tanks. Despite the Allies efforts, the Panther remained arguably the best medium tank in use by either side. This was largely due to its thick armor and ability to pierce the armor of enemy tanks at ranges up to 2,200 yards. Postwar The Panther remained in German service until the end of the war. In 1943, efforts were made to develop the Panther II. While similar to the original, the Panther II was intended to utilize the same parts as the Tiger II heavy tank to ease maintenance for both vehicles. Following the war, captured Panthers were briefly used by the French 503e Rà ©giment de Chars de Combat. One of the iconic tanks of World War II, the Panther influenced a number of postwar tank designs, such as the French AMX 50.

Paintings by Georges-Pierre Seurat and Vincent Van Gogh Essay - 1

Paintings by Georges-Pierre Seurat and Vincent Van Gogh - Essay Example The essay "Paintings by Georges-Pierre Seurat and Vincent Van Gogh" analyzes The Starry Night’s intricate details while comparing it to the ‘Grandcamp, Evening’ painting by Georges-Pierre Seurat. Looking at the ‘The Starry Night’, one gets a feel of boldness in the painting. There is the use of dark shades of color to bring out a general feel of the painting. There is also the use of lines of different shapes and lengths. The clouds seem to be in motion as they are drawn in a continuous circular motion, while the stars and moon have unusual light around them. The focal point is a flame resemblance of a cypress tree that is a contrast from the village below. Vincent drew this piece while in bad mental shape and was in an asylum at the time. Some critics say that the scenery from his window could have afforded him the general idea with the rest of the features borrowed from memory. This is especially true with the illustration of the church spike that i ndicates Netherlands as his home land. There has been analysis of this painting showing that all the objects in the picture stand for various meanings. This is an iconography of Vincent’s world at the time. On the other hand, George’s work of art in ‘Grandcamp, Evening seems to give a different atmosphere. Here, the painter has incorporated various hues of color to create a sense of calm and isolation. The landscape in the background has been developed by the use of short strokes of lines to indicate a town in the far horizon, a grim sky.

How are fashion and appearance central to the construction of social Essay - 1

How are fashion and appearance central to the construction of social identities Discuss, with reference to specific examples - Essay Example Fashion has always directed humans to create a self-identity and is craved according to the geographical location and cultural or religious discourse. Dress is not just mere apparel; it is symbolic of social, cultural and economic identity. It is a very poignant determining factor for social status and cultural block. Looking at the fashion of a gentleman or lady, one can determine the respective class, society or his geographical belonging. Thus, dress is a medium to hide many lacunas of human life and characteristics with gleaming shine or brightness. Since the inception of fashion in human civilization, it had been quite instrumental in designing and determining socio-cultural identity transcended sometime beyond the mere periphery of ethnic identity. The greatest instance in this regard is the subculture that evolved from the Lolita culture in Japan. A fashion statement which becomes so popular in the Asian province of Japan, actually originated from the Victorian style of clothing. With this the fashion trend from the Rocco period also influenced the Lolita fashion. Lolita fashion attained its unique stature by mingling gothic elements into the pertaining fashion statement to its context. Through the passage of time, Lolita fashion has evolved into myriad of sub styles which gave birth to a devoted subculture in Japan. The Lolita look essentially consists of a skirt or dress up to knee-length along with a few other kinds of dress elements such as headdress, blouse, petticoat, knee high shocks along with shoes that are of rocki ng horse kind or high heel or platform shoes (Yoshinaga & Ishikawa, 2007). The exact origination of Lolita fashion is not clear but it gained its popularity and started reaching many parts of the world during the movement that started during the period of late 1970s when famous brands and labels namely Pink House, Milk and Angelic Pretty began to sell clothes that was about to be considered as

Chef Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

Chef Satisfaction Essay The findings showed that employees’ job satisfaction directly and positively influences organizational commitment, but does not directly influence job performance. Employees’ job satisfaction enhances job performance only through organizational commitment. Internal marketing, empowerment and leadership also positively influence job satisfaction. Empowerment and leadership enhance employees’ organizational commitment. Internal job stress negatively influences employees’ job satisfaction and external job stress enhances employees’ job performance. According to the findings, this paper realized the main factors which influence hospitality industry employees’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance, which can function as criteria for human resource management in the hospitality industry. Key words: Hospitality industry, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job performance.   With the change of the industrial structure in recent years, the output value of the service industry has become more than 70% of the GDP in most advanced countries (CIA, 2009). Thus, the service industry plays a significant role in national economic development. In 2008, as the world encountered a financial tsunami, the governments of different countries selected potential service industries and supported them with resources, in order to energize economic development. The hospitality industry is a typical service industry, and it is critical service industry around the world. In Taiwan, the scale of the hospitality industry has been increasing year by year. According to the Statistics Department, Ministry of Economic Affairs, in 2001 the business volume of the hospitality industry in Taiwan was NTD 261. 3 billion. In 2006 it passed NTD 300 billion and in 2009 it reached NTD 321. 7 billion. However, the hospitality industry refers to labor services and relies on manpower in areas such as production, delivery and restaurant service. Thus, the hospitality industry is mainly based on services. As mentioned in Bitner’s (1995) framework of the service marketing triangle, service providers play a critical role in the service industries. In service industry management, regarding the importance of employees, Heskett et al. (1994) proposed the framework of service profit chain. In the service profit chain, there are critical linkages among internal service *Corresponding author. E-mail: [emailprotected] tcmt. edu. tw. Tel: +886-2-28102292 ext. 5009. Fax: +886-2-2810-6688. Tsai et al. 4119 quality, employee satisfaction/productivity, the value of services provided to the customer, customer satisfaction and company’s profits. This chain shows that internal service quality can enhance employee satisfaction, which will enhance employee productivity and further result in external service value and enhanced customer satisfaction. Finally, the company can make a profit (Zeithaml et al. , 2009). Therefore, satisfied employees make satisfied customers. Service personnel satisfaction significantly influences organizational commitment and job performance on customer satisfaction and corporate operational performance (Ladkin, 2002; Dunlap et al. , 1988; Tansuhaj et al. , 1988; Chowdhary, 2003; Yang and Chen, 2010). How to enhance service personnel satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance is a critical issue in service industry management. In past research on employee satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance, many scholars (Babin and Boles, 1998; Bernhardt et al. 2000; Van Scotter, 2000; Koys, 2003; Testa, 2001) have validated that employees’ job satisfaction positively influences job performance and organizational commitment. In studies on factors of employees’ job satisfaction, job performance and organizational commitment, the service profit chain proposed by Heskett et al. (1994) and service marketing management model indica ted by Tansuhaj et al. (1988) on overall service industry both demonstrated that managements internal marketing activities produce job satisfaction and commitment to the organization. In addition, many studies have found close relationships between leadership, employee satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance (Billingsley and Cross, 1992; Yammarino and Dubinsky, 1994; Burton et al. , 2002; Avolio et al. , 2004; Chen and Silverthorne, 2005). The above studies have mainly focused on the educational service industry, retail industry, manufacturing service industry, medical service industry and governmental institutions, but have not conducted indepth explorations on the hospitality service industry. Hopfl (1994) indicated that in the service delivery, firstline employees must be empowered to some degree in order to cope with customers’ special demands. Thus, job empowerment can be treated as important management to encourage first-line service personnel and immediately solve customers’ differential demands. Avolio et al. (2004), Caykoylu et al. (2007) and Chen et al. (2008) respectively conducted empirical studies on medical personnel and employees of the telecommunication industry, banking industry and postal industry, and found that empowerment positively influences employee satisfaction and organizational commitment. One issue worthy of further study is the extent of how empowerment positively influences hospitality industry employee satisfaction and organizational commitment. In addition, first-line employees face different customer demands and supervisor requirements, therefore job stress is a critical issue for them. Jamal (1990) and Jex (1998) suggested that reducing employees’ job stress could enhance employees’ job satisfaction and job performance. Williams and Cooper (2002) and Ouyang (2009) indicated that proper job stress would enhance employees’ job performance. In the hospitality industry, the influence of job stress from external customers and internal supervisors on employees’ job satisfaction and job performance is an issue worthy of further exploration. Based on the above, internal marketing, leadership, empowerment and job stress are possible factors of service industry employees’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance, and these factors are validated in various service industries. However, the outcomes in different service industries are not the same. For the hospitality industry, it is important to validate and analyze the influences of the above factors on employees’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance. Thus, this study intended to combine internal marketing, leadership, empowerment and job stress and proposed an integrated model of hospitality industry employees’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance. Hospitality industry employees in Taipei City were treated as the subjects, and the researcher probed into factors of hospitality industry employees’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance in order to function as criteria for management in the hospitality industry. LITERATURE REVIEW Job satisfaction The term â€Å"job satisfaction† was proposed by Hoppock (1935) who suggested that job satisfaction means employees’ emotions and attitude toward their jobs, and is their subjective reaction toward their jobs. The definition of job satisfaction is generalized into three categories: (1) Definition of generality: Job satisfaction refers to the affective reaction to one’s job as the most (Ozer and Gunluk, 2010). Job satisfaction, which is one of the most important necessities for an individual to be successful, happy and productive, is a feeling of satisfaction, that is, an outcome of the perception of what the job provides for an individual (Ay and Av aro lu, 2010); (2) Definition of difference: This refers to the degree of satisfaction and the difference between ndividual actual returns and required returns. For instance, Porter and Lawler (1968) suggested that the degree of satisfaction depends on the difference between a person’s actual returns and expected returns; (3) Definition of criterion framework: Peoples subjective perception and interpretation on objective traits of organizations or jobs would be influenced by individual criterion framework. According to Smith et al. (1969), job satisfaction is the outcome after a person interprets the job traits according 4120 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. o the criterion framework. The influence of certain work situations on job satisfaction is related to many factors, such as comparisons between good and bad jobs, comparisons with others, personal competency and past experience, etc. Job performance Kane and Lawler (1976) suggested that job performance refers to the record of the results when employees have practiced a job for a certain period of time. According to Schermerhorn (1989), job performance refers to the quality and quantity accomplished by individuals or groups after fulfilling a task. After a certain period of time, measurements of employees’ job performance could serve as criterion for promotions, wage adjustments, rewards, punishments and evaluations. Cascio (2006) suggested that managers must specifically define performance to allow the teams or employees to recognize the organizational expectations in order to fulfill the organizational goals. In other words, managers must set concrete goals, trace the fulfillment degree and evaluate the teams’ or employees’ performance. Van Scotter and Motowidlo (1996) suggested that employees with a high degree of job enthusiasm will demonstrate extra effort and devotion, and will actively seek out solutions to problems at work in order to enhance their job performance. Robbins (1998) divided the measurement of job performance into job result, job behavior and personal traits. Lee et al. (1999) divided job performance into efficiency, efficacy and quality. Efficiency refers to the employees’ output rate and is the ability to accomplish tasks before deadline. Efficacy refers to the employees’ goal accomplishment rate and proposals. Quality refers to the employees’ error rate and complaint rate, supervisor satisfaction, customer satisfaction and colleague satisfaction. This study suggested that in the application of this construct to measure hospitality industry employees’ job performance, efficiency should refer to the employees’ speed in customer service, efficacy should mean the accomplishment of tasks assigned by customers, and quality should mean the employees’ performance in customer service. As to measurement, Shore and Thornton (1986) indicated that self-evaluation allows individuals to participate in performance evaluation and serves as a criterion. Based on the above, according to the views of Lee et al. (1999), this study divided job performance into efficiency, efficacy and quality, and measured hospitality industry employees’ job performance using employee self-evaluation. Smith et al. (1969) proposed the Job Description Index (JDI) to measure job satisfaction, with the constructs including wage, promotion, job, supervisors and colleagues. Black and Gregersen (1997) found a positive correlation between job satisfaction and job performance. Organ (1990) suggested that when employees are satisfied with their work, they are willing to sacrifice themselves and devote to their organization. Organizational commitment From the perspective of attitude, Porter et al. (1974) indicated that organizational commitment is a person’s active and positive intention to identify with and internalize organizational goals and value. According to Reyes and Pounder (1990), organizational commitment is the strong belief and intention to identify with organizational value, devote to and stay with the organization. Mathews and Shepherd (2002) suggested that organizational commitment refers to workers’ attitude, behavior and connection between individuals and the organization. Guest (1995) indicated that organizational commitment is at the core of human resource management. It transforms traditional manpower management into the core of human resources. Organizational members’ attitude or intentions particularly indicate the importance of employees’ organizational commitment. Dee et al. (2006) suggested that organizational commitment is a person’s intention to devote to and be loyal to the organization. Lambert et al. (2006) suggested that organizational commitment is the structural phenomenon of trading between individuals and organizations. It increases with time, but it does not lead to a transferable investment outcome. Thus, in theoretical study and practical use, scholars have valued organizational commitment in human resource management. In recent years, many scholars have probed into organizational commitment from the view of Porter et al. (1974). Thus, this study also followed the above view and divided organizational commitment into value commitment, effort commitment and retention commitment. This study further treated these three constructs as criteria to measure hospitality industry employees organizational commitment. Definitions of these constructs are thus shown: (1) Value commitment: a strong belief and identification with organizational goals and values. 2) Effort commitment: the intention to devote more to the organization. (3) Retention commitment: a strong intention to continue being part of the organization. Internal marketing Internal Marketing (IM) is the process of handling staff as internal customers and projects as internal products that satisfy the needs and desires of the customers and adhere to the company’s goals (Berry and Parasuraman, 1991). Rafiq and Ahmed (1993) suggest that internal marketing involves â€Å"a planned effort to overcome organizational resistance to change and to align, motivate Tsai et al. 4121 nd integrate employees towards the effective implementation of corporate and functional strategies†. Joseph (1996) suggested that internal marketing is can be applied to marketing and human resource management, combining theoretical techniques and principles in order to encourage, recruit and manage all employees in the organization and constantly improve external customer service and mutual services. In addition, Ahmed et al. (2003) defined internal marketing as the emp loyees’ evaluation of the reward system, internal communication, training and development of the company. Internal marketing empirical research in the service sector has proven that internal marketing has influenced on internal customers (that is, employees) satisfactions. Berry and Parasuraman (1991) suggested that the advantages of internal marketing implementation in organizations are as follows: (1) To acquire and keep excellent talent; (2) to provide a common vision so that employees have job purpose and meaning; (3) to give employees the ability and knowledge to accomplish the work; (4) to encourage employees to share the results of teamwork; (5) to create job designs be based on the findings of marketing studies. The aforementioned views reveal that corporate implementation of internal marketing allows employees to enhance service quality, which increases the production and profits of the companies. The implementation of internal marketing in the organizations results in an internal service culture, raises service consciousness and increases profits (Parasuraman et al. , 1985). Based on the views of these scholars, internal marketing is critical for organizations and influences external marketing to further enhance customer satisfaction. According to the these definitions and based on the views of Rafiq and Ahmed (1993) and Ahmed et al. (2003), this study treated employee evaluations of reward systems, internal communication, and training and development of companies as criterion for measuring internal marketing of the hospitality industry. Leadership Leadership refers the process of influencing the team to accomplish the goals (Robbins and Coulter, 2005). Leaders are key success factors of an organization (Bass, 1985; Daft, 2002). Skillful leaders recognize and use the interpersonal relationships of the team and strengthen the members’ loyalty and morale. Effective leaders must learn skills such as patiently sharing information, trusting others and recognizing the timing of interventions (Steckler and Fondas, 1995). In recent years, numerous scholars have tried to discuss leadership from new perspectives. New studies of leadership theory have particularly stressed the influences of demands between leaders and subordinates, the interaction of personality traits and situational factors on leadership (Bargal and Schmid, 1989). Corporate leaders must select a proper leadership according to their subordinates’ different demands for supervision, in order to enhance employee satisfaction and fulfill expected goals. Bass and Avolio (1997) divided leadership into transformational leadership and transactional leadership. In transformational leadership, subordinates trust, respect and are loyal to their leaders. Leaders can develop their subordinates’ potential and enhance their confidence by changing their values and beliefs in order to increase their organizational commitment, intention and motivation to create exceptional outcomes. Transformational leadership can be divided into ideal traits, ideal behavior, the encouragement of inspiration, and the stimulation of wisdom and individual care. In addition, transactional leadership means leaders and members remain in the process of negotiation and mutual benefit instead of a persistent one-purpose relationship. Social exchange theory is treated as the theoretical base. When subordinates act according to their leaders’ expectations, they will have returns with a specific value. Transactional leadership can be divided into contingent rewards, and active and passive exceptional management. Most quantitative studies on leadership have created questionnaires using the MLQ scale designed by Bass and Avolio (1997). The MLQ scale includes two constructs (transformational leadership and transactional leadership). This study also designed a leadership questionnaire for the hospitality industry according to the MLQ scale. Empowerment Empowerment signals a transition away from traditional development that confined people’s role to that of passive recipients, effectively rendering them dependent on handouts in the form of foreign aid (O’Gorman, 1995). Bowen and Lawler III (1992) define empowerment as sharing with frontline employees four organizational ingredients: (1) Information about the organizations performance; (2) rewards based on the organizations performance; (3) knowledge about contributing to organizational performance; (4) power to make decisions that influence organizational direction and performance. Murat and Thomas (2003) suggested that empowerment does not simply refer to telling employees that they are empowered, but aims to allow the employees to recognize what power has been authorized. Boudrias et al. (2004) suggested that in managerial circles, empowerment application includes two types: (1) Empowering the responsibility of decision-making to subordinates while emphasizing rich work environments 4122 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. and diverse authority, information, resources and support, and providing the opportunity to learn in order to improve performance; (2) psychological empowerment, which refers to employees’ experiences of empowerment that are inferred as a mediating variable of empowerment and expected results. According to Sherman (1996), empowerment acknowledges that employees have the power to change in order to encourage employees to increase their competency. Kanter (1993) suggested that empowerment can keep employees from feeling helpless. Organizations could thus reduce negative effects such as low morale. The most significant effect of empowerment is to enhance employees’ abilities and self-efficacy (Conger and Kanungo, 1988). Bowen and Lawler III (1992) suggested the advantages of empowerment for organizations below: (1) To rapidly respond to customer demands and questions; (2) a high degree of employees’ job satisfaction; (3) positive interactions with consumers; (4) employees with creative thoughts; (5) the creation of loyal customers. About the definition of psychological empowerment, Spreitzer (1995) defines this concept as the psychological state that employees must experience for managerial empowerment interventions to be successful.

Superfluids and Superconductors :: physics

In 1924, the Indian physicist S. N. Bose developed an alternate law of radiation which modified Planck's laws to include a new variety of particles, namely, the boson. He sent off his theory to Einstein for revision and translation, and Einstein swiftly came up with some additions to the theory. He expanded the laws to incorporate the mass of the boson, and in doing so theorized a strange phenomenon. He predicted that when atoms of a gas came together under cold enough temperatures, and slowed down significantly, that they would all assume the exact same quantum state. He knew that this slow quantum gas would have strange properties, but wasn't able to get much further by theorizing. This phenomenon, which came to be known as a Bose-Einstien condensate, was an incredible leap in quantum theory, but it wasn't demonstrated until 1995 when Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle and Carl E. Wieman made the first Bose-Einstein condensate with supercooled alkali gas atoms. Although this develo pment didn't come until late in the 20th century, many of these strange properties were observed in supercooled He4 by Dr. Pyotr Kapitsa. Helium became the standard for observing superfluid phenomenon, and most new superfluid properties are still observed first in Helium 4. Superconductivity, a similar phenomenon, was discovered in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. When he cooled some mercury down to liquid helium temperatures, it began to conduct electricity with no resistance at all. People began experimenting with other metals, and found that many tranisition metals exhibit this characteristic of 0 resistance if cooled sufficiently. Superconductors are analagous to superfluids in that the charges within them move somewhat like a superfluid - with no resistance through sections of extremely small cross-sectional area. Physicists soon discovered that oxides of copper and other compounds could reach even higher superconducting temperatures. Currently, the highest temperature at wich a material can be superconductive is 138K, and is held by the compound Hg0.8Tl0.2Ba2Ca2Cu3O8.33. Superfluids all have the unique quality that all their atoms are in the same quantum state. This means they all have the same momentum, and if one moves, they all move. This allows superfluids to move without friction through the tiniest of cracks, and superfluid helium will even flow up the sides of a jar and over the top. This apparant defiance of gravity comes from a special type of surface wave present in superfluid helium, which in effect pushes this extremely thin film up the sides of the container.

Duchess’ behavior Essay

Elizabeth Oakes’ article concerns itself with the answer to the popular question of criticism facing The Duchess of Malfi. This question is whether or not to judge harshly the widow Duchess’ behavior. She describes the scholarly fact that some have analyzed the Duchess as somehow deserving her fate, that her behavior somehow reduces her status and removes any natural sympathy the reader would have for her. However, she continues, there is a school of thought that makes the widow out to be someone who is actually maintaining the status quo of widows of her time. She is just in keeping with decorum. Eventually, through her article Oakes argues for the second view. The author even goes so far in the ending of her piece as to argue for the widow Duchess’ arrival as a female hero of the genre of tragedy. Oakes’ article is well written. She presents her piece in a balanced fashion, acknowledging the contributions of other scholars before her. She admits their ideas and notions as perhaps being the more standard views. This only serves to strengthen the weight and findings of her arguments by placing them in the context of orthodox literary criticism. The result is a compelling argument on strength of reason. Writers who seek to understand and then pass on their understandings of large works like Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi would be well served to emulate the style of Oakes’ critiques. The power of Oakes’ writing is her willingness to compare her findings to those of other prominent academicians. The placement of Elizabeth Oakes’ article within the journal Studies in Philology and its acceptance within the literary and academic circles of the University of North Carolina presses gives automatic credence to her work. It is far removed from popular contemporary treatment, and authorized as a work of academic critical scholarship. Palter, Robert. The Duchess of Malfi’s Apricots, and Other Literary Fruits. Columbia, SC: South Carolina UP, 2002. 270-81. Robert Palter’s entertaining and insightful book offers a refreshing literary criticism to the art of analytical reading. His book explores the literary episodes or incidences of fruits in books and plays. He finds these occurrences in all levels and genres of writing, even in the more classic ones of religious works such as the Bible. In particular, and more specific to the topic of The Duchess of Malfi, he argues for the passion of apricots in dealing with both love and widowhood – the key topical issues of the work by Webster. Again, it is a counterintuitive argument, perhaps. The book utilizes some two dozen languages and nearly countless, it seems, texts from across the international literary realm; these are all readily translated for the reader by distinguished translators. The writing itself is supported by artful illustrations and is arranged topically by type of fruit. It is easy to read and cite. The strength of Palter’s book is its compelling engagement of the reader. His take on the critical analysis of literature may seem farfetched at first, but that only serves to invigorate the academic reader who may be seeking to dismiss the notion. Palter’s reliance on reputable sources of literary critique, however, draw the reader further into believing the arguments contained in the chapters. Its thorough documentation and lively and entertaining reading make it an easily digested piece of academic commentary. After having read The Duchess of Malfi’s Apricots, and Other Literary Fruits, any reader will be more fully informed both on a new aspect of literature, and particularly inspired to study Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi. Robert Palter is a reputable source. He holds a Ph. D. in philosophy from the University of Chicago and is currently serving as the Dana Professor Emeritus at Hartford, Connecticut’s Trinity College. Pearson, Jacqueline. â€Å"The Difficulty of the White Devil and the Duchess of Malfi. † Critical Quarterly. 22. 4 (2007): 43-55. Web. Pearson’s article on the difficulties inherent in studying the two tragedies of Webster is a very thorough one. She concerns herself with attempting to cover all of the various problems that come with approaching the two texts in a critical fashion. As such, the writing moves from traditional rendering to traditional rendering, considering the past opinions of other analysts and comparing the vast divergences of thought found in them. She also offers her personal academic opinions on the topic. Primarily these dwell upon and deal with encouraging the reader to look at all of the various angles that a critical reader can look at Webster’s works. She provides numerous examples of these: usage of imagery and allusion, the coverage of multiple moral dilemmas within each piece, multiple views including realism and extremism of style that are often included within a single scene, and the often deliberate seeming efforts at obfuscation. These all add up, she argues, to make Webster’s texts, and The Duchess of Malfi in particular, singularly difficult to undertake a concise and proper assessment. Undoubtedly Pearson’s writing on this topic is valuable. They lend a plan or at least an agenda to reviewing and gleaning potentially hidden messages and angles with Webster’s tragedies. However, on the other hand, she can tend to become just as bogged down and self-conscious as the plays that she is exploring. She maintains an academic tone but is often difficult to follow for the same reason. Sometimes her writing is fairly inaccessible. After some time, and multiple readings, though, her points become clearer, and with patience, the critical reader can take away an intriguing new method of looking at the genre. Jacqueline Pearson is a difficult, but good source. Her presence within the Critical Quarterly and placement within the Wiley Interscience Database do lend some power to the arguments and academics that she is presenting. She should be used as a secondary source. Roider, Nancy. â€Å"Arbella Stuart, Catherine of Valois, and The Duchess of Malfi: An Examination of Women, Marriage, and Widowhood in Jacobean England. † Trivium Publishing (2009). Web. 11 July 2010. Roider’s lengthy article is aimed at understanding not only the text of Webster’s famous tragedy, but more importantly the social context that the work is found in. This is her overarching point: that to fully understand a work one must look at the sociological implications of its place in history. This is a good twist on literary criticism. She utilizes multiple scholarly sources to sort out the many facets of the widow Duchess’ time period. The aim of the writing is apparently one of not buying into any single, traditional viewpoint but of borrowing some of the best from each and incorporating it into a fairly unified whole. Primarily her opinion is that Duchess of Malfi is the story of an independent and unexpected widow that is inspired and motivated by the great transitions of the social and political world of Jacobean England. Roider’s arguments are successful. Especially due to the language that she uses which borders on the colloquial at times, she is able to reach the readers while dealing with a fairly heavy topic. Her method of transition from topic to topic removes burden from attempting to organize one’s thoughts while still reading critically. Overall, one comes away from Roider with a better understanding of the implications of The Duchess of Malfi, and of the historical time settings in general. Nancy Roider is a strong secondary source. Although the article does not present her credentials on their face, Roider uses strong and accepted academic methodology in presenting her arguments and is not bashful about citing many other accepted academic pieces in writing hers. Her piece is well organized and insightful and offers the academic and literary world a new viewpoint on the interpretation of Webster’s writing. Webster, John. â€Å"The Duchess of Malfi. † The Duchess of Malfi: Eight Masterpieces of Jacobean Drama. Ed. Frank Kermode. New York: Modern Library, 2005. 463-566 This is an academically authorized version of The Duchess of Malfi and its text. It is the rendering that is most useful and presentable for study of the tragedy. The complete, word for word play is found here in clear and concise format. The Duchess of Malfi is included as one of several (eight to be precise) important piece of the drama written during the Jacobean period of England. This raises the level of Webster’s writing to that of paramount and vital authors of the era. This book is valuable for the study and analysis of Webster’s writing. Although it would perhaps seem redundant to explore the tragedy in such a lengthy volume as an anthology as this sort, it is actually well worth the time. It can be quite insightful to place a work within the context not only of the period of literature in which it is found, but also in the specific context of comparison to other writers in the time as well. This helps one to understand the topical issues that were currently in vogue, and also provides a good starting point at which to begin to grasp nuances and divergences within one specific piece that makes it interesting and novel. In addition to this facet, the contributions of the editor Frank Kermode are helpful. His commentary in the introductory material are also well worth the while to read and understand. His thoughts lend to the starting point for analyzing The Duchess of Malfi and encourage the readers to see behind the text. When informed by this, a more analytical rendering can be made. Editor Frank Kermode’s The Duchess of Malfi: Eight Masterpieces of Jacobean Drama is a great academic source for studying and writing about Webster’s work. He is an acknowledged expert in the field of literary criticism. He has been knighted in his home of England for his numerous contributions to the field. Kermode is also routinely listed as the foremost literary critic of Britain, if not the whole of the Western world.

Family and Unilever

2. 1 Macro Environment 2. 1. 1 Economy – Residential a) Economic -The policy of the Vietnamese industry is mutually agreed to build the economy of Vietnam following the trend of industrialization and modernization; giving priority to attract foreign investment, especially from transnational companies and multinationals such as Unilever to increase its budget. The domestic market (wholesale, retail, flow of goods, etc. ) has grown much more.And infrastructure in major cities, especially Ho Chi Minh City have been adequate investment, first on a par with other countries in the region. -Unilever Vietnam as the consumer goods market in this new, more â€Å"land† to business. -Economic growth of Vietnam is low possibility that high consumption of products. -Finance, Vietnam credit growth, the stock market is fragmented. In addition, telecommunications systems, communications, telephone charges, postal and Internet have the highest rates around the world.So, it the introducti on of the Internet in business is not possible for Unilever, although the company has repeatedly refers to this goal as a way to reach customers and promote your products successfully in industrialized countries. b) Population -In addition to the extended family model non-traditional married family. Also added and growing one share, and have major differences in consumer decision model extended family. -Distribution of population in Vietnam is very uneven.Rural population lives in 72%   Large-scale population of 86 million people (13th in the world), rising by about 1 million per year. $ Hardworking, eager to learn, is considered receptive knowledge, new technology. So promise quality human resources for Unilever   -Vietnam Educational level is relatively high, especially in urban areas. A lot of people graduating from high school and college †¦ compared to other countries; further intellectual labor in Vietnam better performance excellence in technology-so this is an abund ant human resources for the company. Vietnam has a young population structure and popular model extended family (including grandparents, uncles, etc. ) opportunities for Unilever because this is the company's target customers. -Population-planning policies of the government will make in the next few decades, young people will grow old and aging population structure is no longer an advantage for Unilever. In addition, the extended family in the middle (the most common family structure in Vietnam), the choice of buying a product, especially high-end products, generally considered very carefully.So, group consumption of personal care items (personal care) not as much as senior SSWD group (single, separate, widowed, divorced) in the capitalist countries. 2. 1. 2 Politics and law a) Political In the context of terrorism, war, epidemics, etc. Recently, the Vietnamese politics is considered stable and was selected as one of the safest destinations in Asia-Pacific own, and bring peace of mi nd to investors. Unilever-a world renowned company with strong financial background has decided to set up a branch in Vietnam – Unilever Vi? t Nam.We show that they also felt good political environment in our country's favorable conditions for long-term growth of the company. b) Legislation Legal system more complete, create favorable conditions for foreign companies such as Unilever to promote investment, business   Done still complain opinions (both excess and insufficient, inconsistent, overlapping   Our country's economy is on track to develop stronger, deeper integration into the world economy, thus modifying, perfecting the legal system that are consistent with international law is very same urgency. 2. . 3 Nature and technology a) Natural Vietnam is located in a relatively favorable position in the region, with a long coastline, many large seaports to facilitate the export of goods when Unilever began to focus on exports in the near future. Hot and humid tropical c limate is not suitable for some products originating from the parent company in Europe. Vietnam particularly rich source of medicinal raw materials for the production of consumer goods as well as research products. b) Technology -In terms of the country's technology still weak, so Unilever bring their echnology not only their most advanced   -The change in production technology at the plant is small, even if it was done in the branch Unilever in another markets. The only change when the demands of the competition. -Because Unilever consumer goods production has more or  «Technology » fairly stable   2. 1. 4 Culture and Society – Vietnam has a very diverse culture, rich and rich -Vietnam is a country of religious freedom to distribute, advertise products not subject to many constraints too strict as many other Asian countries. Vietnam state religion is Buddhism, traditional customs and rites bold Asians. Culture regions, provinces, districts and villages. 2. 2 Micro En vironment 2. 2. 1, customers Lipton target customers are elderly or middle-aged (30-50). They will be making decisions for the majority of problems in life, including the choice of the consumer to buy the product. â€Å"Many tea drinkers choose Lipton because it is really inexpensive and you can get it just about anywhere. It is surprising that more people do not drink tea, as they would longer, happier and healthier lives if they did† (Winslow 2006).Furthermore, some customers think that taking anti-oxidants are healthy, thus, customers drink a couple of gallons per week: â€Å"Tea makes you look younger too and gives you energy as well. 2. 2. 2 Competitors One of the major competitors for Lipton in the world ice tea market is Nestle Refreshment Company, maker of Nestea Ice Tea, well-known competitor for Lipton ice tea. Like Lipton-Unilever, Nestle Refreshment Company has forged agreement with another soda manufacturer, Coca Cola.

Inheritance Anomaly in Object Oriented Programming

Inheritance Anomaly in Object Oriented Programming 1. Motivation concurrent-OO languages provide maximum computatinal and modeling power through concurrency of objects, encapsulation and code re-use. It has been found that synchronization code cannot be inherited without non-trivial redefinitions, this phenomenon is known as Inheritance Anomaly. Inheritance Anomaly is more severe than violation of class encapsulation in sequential language. Inheritance anomaly entails a severe drawback for the development of large-scale and complex systems in Object Oriented Concurrent Programming(OOCP) languages because greatest benefit of using the OO framework are inheritance and encapsulation. Better more reusable, mechanisms are needed to create and structure synchronization code.2. Abstract Inheritance Anomaly refers to the serious difficulty in combining inheritance and concurrency in a simple and satisfactory way within a concurrent Object-Oriented Language. The problem is closely connected with the need to impose synchronization constraints on the acceptance of a message by an object. In most concurrent object-oriented languages this synchronization is achieved by synchronization code controlling the acceptance of messages by objects.Platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, Torrance...Synchronization code is often hard to inherit and tends to require extensive redefinitions. This paper surveys the work of many researchers on Inheritance Anomaly in OOCP Languages. The main emphasis on how to avoid or minimize inheritance anomaly. The goal of this paper is to express as faithfully as possible a wide range of synchronization scheme. We would see how each scheme attempt to inherit and re-use the code of concurrent objects which results in breakage of encapsulation. Bringing different models under a common semantic framework makes easier to understand what different models have in common and how they differ, to find deep connections between them.3. Introduction Concurrency and inheritance have conflicting characteristics, thereby inhibiting their simultaneous use without heavy breakage of encapsulation. This phenomenon forcing of redefinitions of inherited methods in order to maintain the integrity of...

Bartleby Essay Research Paper Since he will

Bartleby Essay, Research Paper Since he will non discontinue me, I must discontinue him. ? Ah Bartleby, Ah Humanity. ? ( Page 140, Herman Melville ) This is the key to Bartleby, written by Herman Melville, for it indicates that Bartleby stands as a symbol for humanity. This in bend maps as a commentary on society and the on the job universe, for Bartleby is a apparently homeless, mentally disturbed copyist who gives up on the chance of populating life. However, by making so Bartleby is trying to exert his freewill, for he would? prefer non to? work. His relationship to the storyteller is therefore important, for as he attempts to exert his freewill he is interrupting from the will of the storyteller and the normal patterned advance of life. However, this effort to exert his freewill and interrupt loose from the confines of typical social maps, isolates Bartleby from society, which in bend topographic points him in a province of depression and shortly at that place after, decease. Ultimately, by holding Bartleby? prefer non to, ? Melville is noticing on the function of humanity in the work force. If adult male attempts to interrupt free of his function and exert his ain freewill so he is break uping himself from humanity which in bend will take to depression and possibly decease, for he will hold nil but a wall ever blockading him. From the beginning Bartleby is isolated within the confines of his work topographic point. ? I procured a high green turn uping screen, which might wholly insulate Bartleby from my sight, though non take him from my voice. ? ( pg 111 ) In this citation the storyteller put Arnold, Page 2 up a screen to divide his office from Bartleby? s, which isolates him from the other members of the staff which therefore isolates him from humanity. However, this is non the terminal of the isolation for he is non merely detached from those around him, but society every bit good. ? I placed his desk near up to a little side window, a window that had originally afforded a position of certain grimy backyards, but which commanded at present, no position at all. Within three pess of the strivings was a wall. ? ( pg 110-111 ) This citation demonstrates Bartleby? s entire isolation from society, for even his window, normally a signifier of flight, traps Bartelby behind another wall, which therefore reinforces absolute isolation. Ultimately, every facet of Bartleby? s life further expounds upon the motive of purdah. Bartalby? s effort to exert his freewill finally leads him into an even more anomic province as he estranges himself from his coworkers and his foreman, the storyteller. This resulted from a refusal to follow the orders of the storyteller, for he refused to work or even pass on with him. His lone response shortly became? I would prefer non to, ? which shows his deficiency of engagement and in turn his determination non to interact in society, for he gave up what small life he still had. Ultimately, what he was making, was preferring non to populate, but alternatively merely be. Melville, is therefore noticing on the work force by showing through Bartleby? s continual descend into the abysmal, society confines you behind walls and that if you give in and take to halt life you will blow off as Bartl eby did. Consequently, Bartleby after holding alienated himself so to the full was so left to his ain devices. ? Since he will non discontinue me, I must discontinue him. I will alter my offices ; I will travel elsewhere. ? ( pg 132-133 ) He was deserted wholly, for he was no longer life. Arnold, Page 3 He continued to take a breath, he continued to be, but he was no longer of any usage to society. As he severs himself from humanity, Bartleby is incognizant of the effects. However, these effects as displayed by Melville, remark upon the impact that the work force can hold upon world. Through Bartleby, he demonstrates that one time you give up on life, everyone about will give up on you in bend, as the storyteller did with Bartleby, for you have become an obstructor, much like the walls environing Bartleby. In the terminal, his stubbornness was what led him to decease. For his determination to retreat from society and farther seclude himself led to the decomposition of his psyche. He lost all desire to work, or even map, ? I now recalled all the quiet enigmas, which I had, noted in the adult male. I remembered that he neer spoke but to answer. ? ( pg. 106 ) He shortly became a victim of society, fring all enterprise. Therefore, ? for long periods he would stand looking out, at his picket window behind the screen, upon the dead brick wall, ? ( pg 126 ) and this became his life. He was trapped behind a brick wall and he shortly became so disillusioned by it that he lost sight of life and gave up. Ultimately, his will to? prefer non to? concluded in his decease. Bartleby was imprisoned because of his desire to show his free will and neer go forth his office, even after it was no longer his topographic point of employment. # 8220 ; And to you, this should non be so vile a topographic point . Nothing admonitory attaches to you by being here. And see, it is non so sad a topographic point as one might believe. Look, there is the sky, and here is the grass. # 8221 ; ( pg 137 ) It is dry that one time he is really confined within prison walls, that he is eventually exposed to the outside universe, the sky and grass. Arnold, Page 4 It is even more dry that one time Bartleby is no longer restrained by society? s conformances that it is so that he dies. ? Queerly huddled at the base of the wall, his articulatio genuss drawn up, his caput touching the rocks, I saw the wasted Bartleby. ? ( pg 139 ) Ultimately, one time disillusioned by society and the work force, he died at his ain free will because he? preferred no to? unrecorded. Bartleby? s character remarks upon the maps of society and the work force. This narrative demonstrates that life if non lived is useless, as in the instance of Bartleby, who wastes his away? preferring non to. ? Although, from the beginning he was isolated behind the green turn uping screen with nil but a wall to gaze out, he did non hold to give up his humanity. However, he chose to, he chose to farther isolate himself by his ain stubbornness and accordingly it led to his decease. ? It is unsafe to insulate oneself ; unsafe for and single and for a nation. ? ( Jawaharial Nehru ) For in the terminal, isolation can drive a individual insane, make him muffle, or even kill him. 317

Group project (costco) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Group project (costco) - Essay Example This aspect includes the function of providing a particular product or a service. The key operations management issues include designing, planning and management of the system. Most of the problems associated with operations management at Costco include setting of the plan layout and structure, methods used in project management, selection and replacement of equipment. Specific operations issues at Costco involve equipment maintenance policies, traffic and material handling, quality control and inspection, inventory management and process scheduling. Some of these problems are associated with system design, system management and planning of the system Technology plays an important role in streamlining an organization’s operations. It increases efficiency, productivity, reduces energy, manufacturing and labor costs, enhances communication, and enables smooth integration of day-to-day activities. Costco has not been left out in using technology in its business operations. The company manages more than 300 warehouses that house brand name merchandise at low costs. In order for Costco to offer high quality products at cheap prices, it had to establish faster communication with thousands of vendors at any given moment. The company could no more tolerate long delays when trying to access common documents such as invoices, debit or credit memos or purchase orders. Prompt access to transaction documents was not available. Costco also stored and processed large volumes of paperwork, which needed to be accessed easily. All these hardships could only be solved with the appropriate technology. The initial solution was offered by Image Source executive team in 1992 (Collier & Evans, 2012). Costco also uses Oracle Imaging and Process Management software for file storage and retrieval. The company has also utilized technology for scanning images and barcode indexing processes. Initially, 50 Costco users scanned

Introduction to Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to Economic - Essay Example All economies in the real world depend on a mixture of both governments and markets to allocation resources efficiently. According to markets, resources are allocated through voluntary choices that are made by all participants in the economy and individuals. On the other hand, governments allocate resources involuntarily and enforce laws, taxation systems, regulations, and restrictions to participants. Question 1 Market and Government Economies Countries may have preferences between the using of governments or markets in allocating resources within their economies; however, it is evident that both markets and governments play an important role in mixed economies. Markets generally involve exchange of goods and services in a manner that is voluntary, since no force used to compel any economic participant in buying or selling items of economic value. A market basically thrives on participants’ willingness and desire to exchange. Pure market economies exclusively use markets to a llocate and distribute resources throughout the economy. Government economies rely on involuntary enforcement to allocate resources through setting of rules and laws to govern a resource allocation system. The rules and laws are mandatory for participants in the economy, and the government has the right to enforce the laws and punish participants who fail to agree with the generally accepted rules and regulations. Participants in the economy follow resource allocation rules and regulations because the government and relevant authorities enforce them. Pure command economies use governments exclusively to allocate resources in their economies. However, such kind of economies precludes theoretical extremes, since they do not actually exist and are not realistic with regards to the real world situation. Both pure market and pure command economies provide a benchmark to facilitate real world economic aspects comparison. Mixed economies are therefore evident in the real world, since both pure market and pure command economies preclude non-existent theoretical ideals, leaving the real world economies somewhere in between the two theoretical ideals. Although the theoretical ideals are non-existent in the real world, their collective contributions are evident in mixed kind of economies. It is important to note that, although mixed economies use both markets and governments to allocate resources, real world mixed economies use more of governments or markets, in accordance to the systems they use. This alludes to economies such as capitalism, which is an economic system that is market oriented, as it uses more of market than government in allocating resources. Similarly, communism and socialism are mixed economies that use more of governments than markets to allocate resources (Greene, 2007, p.46). Mixed economies use government policies, rules, and regulations as an inherent dimension used to pursue economic goals in allocation of resources. Economic goals pursued encom pass societal desires such as the need to achieve full employment, equity, stability of the economy, economic efficiency, and sustainable growth. Through economic policies, governments assume the primary responsibility of pursuing economic goals desired by the economy through assisting, controlling, guiding, and regulating the voluntary market. Government policies are undertaken in form of

Club It Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Club It Part II - Essay Example The process of selling advance tickets is not streamlined and Club IT is using old methods to do this while it can use modern methods such as online sales to sell the advance tickets. Resource evaluation Club IT has a number of resources that it can use to make sure that is able to take advantage of the market and be a market leader in its market. For instance, Club IT has a very big floor space that can hold a lot of customers at a time and this can be very important for Club IT as long as they are able to attract as many customers as possible to fill the available space every day. Club IT needs to come up with a way to increase its ability to manage its personnel and other important people who do the various jobs in the club such as the DJ and the band members. Customers Club IT needs to be able to manage its customers in a way that they are happy with the services that they receive. For Club IT to retain the current customers and attract even more, they will need to come up with a customer service model that suits the nature of the customers that they have. This will mean integrating technology in the way they serve the customers. Supply chain As McGreggor (2009) argues, supply chain is a very important aspect of any business. For Club IT, managing the supply chain especially for the kitchen supply is very important because it has a direct effect on how well Club IT is able to serve its customers. This is because the supplies needed by the kitchen will need to be fresh and always available to meet the special orders that the customers give. Solutions: serving the customers better Club IT should develop an online booking service that will allow the customers to book for services online. For instance, the system should allow the customers to access the menus and offer short orders before arriving at the club. This will be helpful because the customers will be able to make orders while they are still in the office or on their way there. The customers should als o be able to log in and see which band will be performing on that particular day and any other day in the near future. At the same time, the system should help the customers to be able to book their favorite tables at the club and have them reserved for them. Solution two: supply chain management Club IT should develop a system that will link its inventory to all its suppliers. This system should be able to not only monitor the inventory levels such as reorder levels, but also be able to share this information with the suppliers so that they can prepare to replenish Club IT’s inventory in time. The suppliers should be able to see Club IT’s inventory levels and dispatch more inventory once the reorder levels are reached. The system should also be able to connect Club IT’s staff to the supplier’s systems so that they can have first hand information such as when new and fresh orders have arrived at the supplier’s point. This will help Club IT to be ab le to manage its inventory in a better way and increase customer service. Solution three: selling advance tickets online The customers should also be able to pay online for all the services they book online. Club IT should come up with a way for the customers to pay online. Club IT should collaborate with a reliable online payment firm such as

Communication Plays An Important Role Education Essay

Communication Plays An Important Role Education Essay Reading, writing, speaking, listening, viewing, and visually representing comprise the language arts and literacy processes. According to Gunning (2010), these elements start developing at an early age and progressively become more refined as a child amasses a foundation of oral language, written language, and life experiences. Task: A.   Write an essay (suggested length of 2-4 pages) in which you discuss each of the following in the context of language arts development in elementary-aged children: 1.   Reading 2.   Writing 3.   Speaking 4.   Listening 5.   Viewing 6.   Visually representing The ability to communicate plays an important role both in intellectual development and in the growth of personality. Children at each grade level have their characteristic needs for growth as well as their characteristic methods of reaction and response. As teachers learn to fit the language arts program to these needs and to these ways of responding, as they set realistic goals, and as they work through rather than against childrens normal patterns of development, satisfactory growth in language will result. For the language arts program is both an end and means. It develops skills in all forms of communication through language, giving children increasing insight into the structure and effective use of their mother tongue and developing their ability to read and listen as well as to use reading and listening for worth-wile purposes in life. At the same time, language is the means by which children aquire knowledge and understanding in all areas of education and in first-hand experi ence in life. Reading is an important element of the literacy process for an elementary student. Reading can open the door to various new experiences and thoroughly expand a students horizon for learning. Books are important to help children understand the development of them selves as well as others. Children love to probe motives and discover answers to their own problems through reading. Reading is the interpretation of written language. Children learn their first words by simply being told what they are. The process by which he or she keeps in mind the visual image, the pronunciation, and the meaning is not all together clear, but he uses such sight words exclusively in the early stages of reading. Elementary children learn at the Elementary level through a combination of matching and differentiating visual images and by memorizing the position of certain words. Configuration, or shape and length of words are natural cues for most beginners. Children are usually unconscious to the fact that th ey are leaning these skills, until they become thrilled about the fact that they can read by themselves. Children also develop reading skills by connecting words with pictures and associating the two. Writing is committing a persons thoughts or ideas to paper. Once the writing is encoded then the reading can be decoded. Listening to the teacher read stories and poetry about their own experience or related to it helps children to sense the power of words and the ways in which they are fitted into sentences. The two elements go hand in hand together. Children can grow and develop into mature writers through motivation that stems from their own interest. Direct teaching and conscious learning are needed to meet the various needs involved in the development of writing. Children first learn to write their names in order to identify their work. The process develops slowly in the first year and then rapidly increases in the second year of school. By the end of third grade an Elementary student is usually writing with a great deal of skill and independence. As the child gains in ability, he or she is encouraged to write independently, turning to the teacher for any help needed with placem ent on paper, handwriting, or spelling of words. As the student develops independence in writing and spelling, the child also grows in interest in using writing for various personal and practical purposes and in satisfaction in the power he is achieving. Speaking is the one activity that most Elementary children can all participate in no matter the age or grade level. Speaking can be defined as communicating vocally. Under favorable circumstances the normal child speaks freely and fearlessly when he or she enters school. The student uses words to express his wishes and his or her feelings, and may even employ phrases such as, thank you, please, and excuse me. From the first day of school, the child continues to add to his or her abilites in speaking. As the student has new experiences, he or she aquires new words with wich to talk about. As the student adds to his vocabulary, he or she learns new ways to put words together to convey what he or she thinks. Every new experience gives him more words or clearer understanding of ones already known; every new interest makes the student eager to find better ways to vocally express there selves. The students successful contacts with reading and writing, although they depend in part on his ab ility in oral language, will also serve that ability. As the student progresses in school he or she will become more adapt at articulation. Listening can be defined as giving attention with the ear. The development of children in listening is continuously interrelated with their growth in speaking, and after the early years of childhood, with their reading and writing as well. Listening is a forerunner of speaking and continues to bear a reciprocal relationship to it. For every speaker, there must be a listener; the listener, in turn, becomes a better speaker for having listened well to the speech of others. Elementary aged children have the ability to assume responsibility to the speaker, asking questions about what they do not understand, listening and carrying out simple directions, and following sequences of events in simple stories. As children set goals for themselves in intelligent listening, their progress will be accelerated. Listening is an important language arts element regarding the fact that children use it to conversate, discuss, story reading, poetry, assemblies, and many many activities in Elementary sch ool. Viewing could be defined as seeing, watching, or visually inspecting visual items. These could include: pictures, books, maps, videos, and various others. Theatrical experiences could also be viewed, as well as classroom lectures. Children today are bombarded with images and visual media of all types to persuade them to believe certain things, or feel a certain way. Viewing is an important element in the Language Arts for Elementary students because it is there way to development academic skills, as well as social skills. Children are viewing every day in our schools diagrams, dvds and many other visual aids for learning development. Viewing development entails giving attentionto facts, relationships, inferences, and to critical analysis. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ © Visually representing refers to communicating through visual images. These images include photographs, drawings, graphs, maps, and diagrams, as well as video presentations, dioramas, models, and dramatizations. This form of communication requires the student to collect and organize information, decide on the best way to convey it to others, and produce a visual product to accomplish this communication, often incorporating print and sound with the visual images, if the student is trying to convey information or sway opinion. It requires organizing and representing an event or sequence of events for the pleasure or diversion of an audience, if the purpose of the representation is to entertain.